the Tip of the Habsburg
The Cabinet of Maria Theresa, 1740
Through a series of alliances, strategic marriages, and, perhaps, sheer luck…
“…the Habsburg family came to prominence as the heads of the Holy Roman Empire.”
The House of Habsburg was one of the most prominent and powerful families within European history. Through a series of alliances, strategic marriages, and, perhaps, sheer luck, the Habsburg family came to prominence as the heads of the Holy Roman Empire, with Charles V being the first emperor of his line. Even after the Peace of Westphalia, the Habsburg family maintained strong control over the remaining Holy Roman Empire comprising Austria, Bohemia, and Hungary.
However, a crisis arose when the only son of Emperor Charles VI passed away, leaving the throne without a viable heir. This led to Charles creating the Pragmatic Sanction, a royal act that would recognize female succession to the Habsburg domain and which paved the way for Maria Theresa, his eldest daughter. While surrounding powers seemingly accepted the Sanction after tense negotiations with Charles VI, they were scheming to act in contradiction of their promises upon the Emperor’s death.
Thus, after the death of Maria Theresa’s father in October 1740, the War of Austrian Succession immediately began as foreign powers near and far contested Maria Theresa’s right to the throne. Maria Theresa fought for her new husband, Francis Stephen, to ascend the throne and be elected as the new Holy Roman Emperor. However, French, Prussian, British, and Spanish influences created continuous hurdles, preventing Francis from gaining the necessary support to become Holy Roman Emperor. Specifically, the aggressive actions of Prussia and Frederick the Great led to a variety of conflicts that distracted Maria Theresa’s efforts. In the meantime, the economy of Austria continued to decline, and social unrest persisted. This committee will take place at the end of 1740, starting with the death of Emperor Charles VI, the election for the new Holy Roman Emperor, and the invasion of Silesia. From there, the committee will navigate the 8-year-long duration of the Succession War, working through both domestic and foreign crises along the way.
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The House of Habsburg was one of the most prominent and powerful families within European history.
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